MERGE example


1. Update an existing product's UnitsInStock if it exists, otherwise insert a new product.

SQL Server Query 1

            
 -- Update an existing product's UnitsInStock if it exists, otherwise insert a new product.  
-- Create a temporary table to show MERGE
SELECT 1 AS ProductID, CAST('the product name' AS NVARCHAR(MAX)) AS ProductName,
CAST(0.00 AS money) AS UnitPrice, CAST(0 AS INT) AS UnitsInStock, CAST(0 AS bit) AS Discontinued
INTO #PRODUCTTEMP
-- Clear the temporary table
DELETE FROM #PRODUCTTEMP WHERE ProductID = 1
-- Inserts some value in temporary table
INSERT INTO #PRODUCTTEMP VALUES (1, 'Chai', 18.00, 100, 0),
(2, 'Chang', 19.00, 17, 0),
(3, 'Aniseed Syrup', 10.00, 13, 0),
(4, 'Ikura', 31.00, 32, 0),
(5, 'Pavlova', 17.45, 29, 0)

MERGE INTO #PRODUCTTEMP AS Target
USING (VALUES
(78, 'New Gadget', 120.35, 50, 0), -- New product (ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, Discontinued)
(1, 'Chai', 18.00, 10000, 0) -- Existing product (Chai - ProductID 1)
) AS Source (ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, Discontinued)
ON Target.ProductID = Source.ProductID
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET
Target.UnitsInStock = Target.UnitsInStock + Source.UnitsInStock, -- Add to existing stock
Target.UnitPrice = Source.UnitPrice -- Update UnitPrice if changed
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, Discontinued)
VALUES (Source.ProductID, Source.ProductName, Source.UnitPrice, Source.UnitsInStock, Source.Discontinued);

SELECT * FROM #PRODUCTTEMP

DROP TABLE #PRODUCTTEMP

Create SQL query with SqlQueryBuilder 1

            
 var (sql1, parameters1) = new SqlQueryBuilder()  
.Select()
.Columns("ProductName", "MetricType", "MetricValue")
.From(new SqlQueryBuilder().Select()
.Columns("ProductID","ProductName","UnitsInStock","UnitsOnOrder")
.From("Products")
.Where(new Where(new Column("Discontinued").Equale(0))
.AND(new Column("UnitsInStock").GreaterThan(0))
.AND(new Column("ProductID").LessThan(30))), "SourceTable"
)
.UnPivot(new UnPivot(new Column("MetricValue"))
.For(new Column("MetricType")).IN("UnitsInStock", "UnitsOnOrder")
.TableName(new Table("UnpivotTable"))
)
.OrderBy(new OrderBy().SetColumnAscending("ProductName")
.SetColumnAscending("MetricType"))
.Build();

Query build by SqlQueryBuilder 1

            
SELECT CAST (1 AS INT) AS ProductID,
       CAST (@pMAIN_2605051814142507400 AS NVARCHAR (MAX)) AS ProductName,
       CAST (0.00 AS MONEY) AS UnitPrice,
       CAST (0 AS INT) AS UnitsInStock,
       CAST (0 AS BIT) AS Discontinued
INTO #PRODUCTTEMP;

DELETE #PRODUCTTEMP
WHERE ProductID = @pMAIN_2605051814142507401;

INSERT INTO #PRODUCTTEMP
VALUES (@pMAIN_2605051814142507402, @pMAIN_2605051814142507403, @pMAIN_2605051814142507404, @pMAIN_2605051814142507405, @pMAIN_2605051814142507406),
(@pMAIN_2605051814142507407, @pMAIN_2605051814142507408, @pMAIN_2605051814142507409, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_10, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_11),
(@pMAIN_260505181414250740_12, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_13, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_14, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_15, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_16),
(@pMAIN_260505181414250740_17, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_18, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_19, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_20, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_21),
(@pMAIN_260505181414250740_22, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_23, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_24, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_25, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_26);

MERGE INTO #PRODUCTTEMP
 AS Target
USING (VALUES (@pMAIN_260505181414250740_27, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_28, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_29, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_30, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_31), (@pMAIN_260505181414250740_32, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_33, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_34, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_35, @pMAIN_260505181414250740_36)) AS Source(ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, Discontinued) ON Target.ProductID = Source.ProductID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE 
SET Target.UnitsInStock = Target.UnitsInStock + Source.UnitsInStock,
    Target.UnitPrice    = Source.UnitPrice
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, Discontinued) VALUES (Source.ProductID, Source.ProductName, Source.UnitPrice, Source.UnitsInStock, Source.Discontinued);

SELECT *
FROM #PRODUCTTEMP;

DROP TABLE #PRODUCTTEMP;


            
        

Parameters (If used)

Name Value
@pMAIN_2605051814142507400 the product name
@pMAIN_2605051814142507401 1
@pMAIN_2605051814142507402 1
@pMAIN_2605051814142507403 Chai
@pMAIN_2605051814142507404 18
@pMAIN_2605051814142507405 100
@pMAIN_2605051814142507406 0
@pMAIN_2605051814142507407 2
@pMAIN_2605051814142507408 Chang
@pMAIN_2605051814142507409 19
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_10 17
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_11 0
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_12 3
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_13 Aniseed Syrup
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_14 10
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_15 13
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_16 0
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_17 4
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_18 Ikura
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_19 31
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_20 32
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_21 0
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_22 5
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_23 Pavlova
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_24 17.45
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_25 29
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_26 0
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_27 78
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_28 New Gadget
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_29 120.35
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_30 50
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_31 0
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_32 1
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_33 Chai
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_34 18
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_35 10000
@pMAIN_260505181414250740_36 0

Query Results 1:

  ProductId ProductName UnitPrice UnitsInStock Discontinued
1 1 Chai 18.0000 10100 False
2 2 Chang 19.0000 17 False
3 3 Aniseed Syrup 10.0000 13 False
4 4 Ikura 31.0000 32 False
5 5 Pavlova 17.4500 29 False
6 78 New Gadget 120.3500 50 False


2. Update an existing product's UnitsInStock if it exists, otherwise insert a new product with table hints and insert without column names

SQL Server Query 2

            
 -- Update an existing product's UnitsInStock if it exists, otherwise insert a new product.  
-- Create a temporary table to show MERGE
SELECT 1 AS ProductID, CAST('the product name' AS NVARCHAR(MAX)) AS ProductName,
CAST(0.00 AS money) AS UnitPrice, CAST(0 AS INT) AS UnitsInStock, CAST(0 AS bit) AS Discontinued
INTO #PRODUCTTEMP
-- Clear the temporary table
DELETE FROM #PRODUCTTEMP WHERE ProductID = 1
-- Inserts some value in temporary table
INSERT INTO #PRODUCTTEMP VALUES (1, 'Chai', 18.00, 100, 0),
(2, 'Chang', 19.00, 17, 0),
(3, 'Aniseed Syrup', 10.00, 13, 0),
(4, 'Ikura', 31.00, 32, 0),
(5, 'Pavlova', 17.45, 29, 0)

MERGE INTO #PRODUCTTEMP WITH(ROWLOCK) AS Target
USING (VALUES
(78, 'New Gadget', 120.35, 50, 0), -- New product (ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, Discontinued)
(1, 'Chai', 18.00, 10000, 0) -- Existing product (Chai - ProductID 1)
) AS Source (ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, Discontinued)
ON Target.ProductID = Source.ProductID
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET
Target.UnitsInStock = Target.UnitsInStock + Source.UnitsInStock, -- Add to existing stock
Target.UnitPrice = Source.UnitPrice -- Update UnitPrice if changed
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT
VALUES (Source.ProductID, Source.ProductName, Source.UnitPrice, Source.UnitsInStock, Source.Discontinued);

SELECT * FROM #PRODUCTTEMP

DROP TABLE #PRODUCTTEMP

Create SQL query with SqlQueryBuilder 2

            
 var (sql2, parameters2) = new SqlQueryBuilder()  
.Select()
.Column(new CAST(new Column("1"), SqlDataType.INT), "ProductID")
.Column(new CAST(new Column().WithValue("the product name"), SqlDataType.NVARCHAR, "MAX"), "ProductName")
.Column(new CAST(new Column("0.00"), SqlDataType.MONEY), "UnitPrice")
.Column(new CAST(new Column("0"), SqlDataType.INT), "UnitsInStock")
.Column(new CAST(new Column("0"), SqlDataType.BIT), "Discontinued")
.INTO(new Table("#PRODUCTTEMP"))
.DeleteFrom("#PRODUCTTEMP").Where(new Where(new Column("ProductID").Equale(1)))
.InsertInto("#PRODUCTTEMP", new List<List<object>>() {
new List<object>() {1, "Chai", 18.00, 100, 0 },
new List<object>() {2, "Chang", 19.00, 17, 0},
new List<object>() {3, "Aniseed Syrup", 10.00, 13, 0},
new List<object>() {4, "Ikura", 31.00, 32, 0},
new List<object>() {5, "Pavlova", 17.45, 29, 0}
})
.Merge(new MERGE("#PRODUCTTEMP", new List<IHint>() { new NOLOCK() })
.AS("Target")
.USING_VALUES(new VALUES(new List<List<object>>()
{
new List<object>(){ 78, "New Gadget", 120.35, 50, 0 },
new List<object>(){ 1, "Chai", 18.00, 10000, 0 }
}, "Source", "ProductID", "ProductName", "UnitPrice", "UnitsInStock", "Discontinued"))
.ON(new Column("Target.ProductID").Equale(new Column("Source.ProductID")))
.WHEN_MATCHED_THEN(new SqlQueryBuilder()
.MergeUpdate(new List<ISetValue>()
{
new SetValue("Target.UnitsInStock", new ColumnArithmatic("Target.UnitsInStock").ADD("Source.UnitsInStock")),
new SetValue("Target.UnitPrice", new Column("Source.UnitPrice"))
})
)
.WHEN_NOT_MATCHED_THEN(new SqlQueryBuilder()
.MergeInsert(new List<IInsertValue>()
{
new InsertValue("ProductID", new Column("Source.ProductID")),
new InsertValue("ProductName", new Column("Source.ProductName")),
new InsertValue("UnitPrice", new Column("Source.UnitPrice")),
new InsertValue("UnitsInStock", new Column("Source.UnitsInStock")),
new InsertValue("Discontinued", new Column("Source.Discontinued")),
}, true)
)
)
.Select().Star().From("#PRODUCTTEMP")
.DropTable(new Table("#PRODUCTTEMP"))
.Build();

Query build by SqlQueryBuilder 2

            
SELECT CAST (1 AS INT) AS ProductID,
       CAST (@pMAIN_2605051814142900760 AS NVARCHAR (MAX)) AS ProductName,
       CAST (0.00 AS MONEY) AS UnitPrice,
       CAST (0 AS INT) AS UnitsInStock,
       CAST (0 AS BIT) AS Discontinued
INTO #PRODUCTTEMP;

DELETE #PRODUCTTEMP
WHERE ProductID = @pMAIN_2605051814142900761;

INSERT INTO #PRODUCTTEMP
VALUES (@pMAIN_2605051814142900762, @pMAIN_2605051814142900763, @pMAIN_2605051814142900764, @pMAIN_2605051814142900765, @pMAIN_2605051814142900766),
(@pMAIN_2605051814142900767, @pMAIN_2605051814142900768, @pMAIN_2605051814142900769, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_10, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_11),
(@pMAIN_260505181414290076_12, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_13, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_14, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_15, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_16),
(@pMAIN_260505181414290076_17, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_18, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_19, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_20, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_21),
(@pMAIN_260505181414290076_22, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_23, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_24, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_25, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_26);

MERGE INTO #PRODUCTTEMP
 AS Target
USING (VALUES (@pMAIN_260505181414290076_27, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_28, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_29, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_30, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_31), (@pMAIN_260505181414290076_32, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_33, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_34, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_35, @pMAIN_260505181414290076_36)) AS Source(ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, Discontinued) ON Target.ProductID = Source.ProductID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE 
SET Target.UnitsInStock = Target.UnitsInStock + Source.UnitsInStock,
    Target.UnitPrice    = Source.UnitPrice
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (Source.ProductID, Source.ProductName, Source.UnitPrice, Source.UnitsInStock, Source.Discontinued);

SELECT *
FROM #PRODUCTTEMP;

DROP TABLE #PRODUCTTEMP;


            
        

Parameters (If used)

Name Value
@pMAIN_2605051814142900760 the product name
@pMAIN_2605051814142900761 1
@pMAIN_2605051814142900762 1
@pMAIN_2605051814142900763 Chai
@pMAIN_2605051814142900764 18
@pMAIN_2605051814142900765 100
@pMAIN_2605051814142900766 0
@pMAIN_2605051814142900767 2
@pMAIN_2605051814142900768 Chang
@pMAIN_2605051814142900769 19
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_10 17
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_11 0
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_12 3
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_13 Aniseed Syrup
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_14 10
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_15 13
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_16 0
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_17 4
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_18 Ikura
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_19 31
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_20 32
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_21 0
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_22 5
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_23 Pavlova
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_24 17.45
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_25 29
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_26 0
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_27 78
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_28 New Gadget
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_29 120.35
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_30 50
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_31 0
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_32 1
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_33 Chai
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_34 18
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_35 10000
@pMAIN_260505181414290076_36 0

Query Results 2:

  ProductId ProductName UnitPrice UnitsInStock Discontinued
1 1 Chai 18.0000 10100 False
2 2 Chang 19.0000 17 False
3 3 Aniseed Syrup 10.0000 13 False
4 4 Ikura 31.0000 32 False
5 5 Pavlova 17.4500 29 False
6 78 New Gadget 120.3500 50 False


3. Merge with Products table (Transcation is rollbacked)

SQL Server Query 3

            
 BEGIN TRANSACTION  
MERGE Products AS Target
USING (VALUES
(78, 'New Gadget', 1, 1, 100, 50, 0), -- New product (ProductID, ProductName, SupplierID, CategoryID, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, Discontinued)
(1, 'Chai', 1, 1, 18.00, 50, 0) -- Existing product (Chai - ProductID 1)
) AS Source (ProductID, ProductName, SupplierID, CategoryID, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, Discontinued)
ON Target.ProductID = Source.ProductID -- Match condition
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET
Target.UnitsInStock = Target.UnitsInStock + Source.UnitsInStock, -- Add to existing stock
Target.UnitPrice = Source.UnitPrice -- Update UnitPrice if changed;
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (ProductName, SupplierID, CategoryID, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, Discontinued)
VALUES (Source.ProductName, Source.SupplierID, Source.CategoryID, Source.UnitPrice, Source.UnitsInStock, Source.Discontinued);
SELECT TOP 5 * FROM Products
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION

Create SQL query with SqlQueryBuilder 3

            
 var (sql3, parameters3) = new SqlQueryBuilder()  
.Merge(new MERGE("Products")
.AS("Target")
.USING_VALUES(new VALUES(new List<List<object>>()
{
new List<object>() { 78, "New Gadget", 1, 1, 100, 50, 0 },
new List<object>() { 1, "Chai", 1, 1, 18.00, 50, 0 }
}, "Source", "ProductID", "ProductName", "SupplierID", "CategoryID", "UnitPrice", "UnitsInStock", "Discontinued"))
.ON(new Column("Target.ProductID").Equale(new Column("Source.ProductID")))
.WHEN_MATCHED_THEN(new SqlQueryBuilder()
.MergeUpdate(new List<ISetValue>()
{
new SetValue("Target.UnitsInStock", new ColumnArithmatic("Target.UnitsInStock").ADD("Source.UnitsInStock")),
new SetValue("Target.UnitPrice", new Column("Source.UnitPrice"))
})
)
.WHEN_NOT_MATCHED_THEN(new SqlQueryBuilder()
.MergeInsert(new List<IInsertValue>()
{
new InsertValue("ProductName", new Column("Source.ProductName")),
new InsertValue("SupplierID", new Column("Source.SupplierID")),
new InsertValue("CategoryID", new Column("Source.CategoryID")),
new InsertValue("UnitPrice", new Column("Source.UnitPrice")),
new InsertValue("UnitsInStock", new Column("Source.UnitsInStock")),
new InsertValue("Discontinued", new Column("Source.Discontinued")),
})
)
)
.Select().Top(5).Star().From("Products")
.Build();

Query build by SqlQueryBuilder 3

            
MERGE INTO Products
 AS Target
USING (VALUES (@pMAIN_2605051814143077640, @pMAIN_2605051814143077641, @pMAIN_2605051814143077642, @pMAIN_2605051814143077643, @pMAIN_2605051814143077644, @pMAIN_2605051814143077645, @pMAIN_2605051814143077646), (@pMAIN_2605051814143077647, @pMAIN_2605051814143077648, @pMAIN_2605051814143077649, @pMAIN_260505181414307764_10, @pMAIN_260505181414307764_11, @pMAIN_260505181414307764_12, @pMAIN_260505181414307764_13)) AS Source(ProductID, ProductName, SupplierID, CategoryID, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, Discontinued) ON Target.ProductID = Source.ProductID
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE 
SET Target.UnitsInStock = Target.UnitsInStock + Source.UnitsInStock,
    Target.UnitPrice    = Source.UnitPrice
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (ProductName, SupplierID, CategoryID, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, Discontinued) VALUES (Source.ProductName, Source.SupplierID, Source.CategoryID, Source.UnitPrice, Source.UnitsInStock, Source.Discontinued);

SELECT TOP 5 *
FROM Products;


            
        

Parameters (If used)

Name Value
@pMAIN_2605051814143077640 78
@pMAIN_2605051814143077641 New Gadget
@pMAIN_2605051814143077642 1
@pMAIN_2605051814143077643 1
@pMAIN_2605051814143077644 100
@pMAIN_2605051814143077645 50
@pMAIN_2605051814143077646 0
@pMAIN_2605051814143077647 1
@pMAIN_2605051814143077648 Chai
@pMAIN_2605051814143077649 1
@pMAIN_260505181414307764_10 1
@pMAIN_260505181414307764_11 18
@pMAIN_260505181414307764_12 50
@pMAIN_260505181414307764_13 0

Query Results 3:

  ProductID ProductName SupplierID CategoryID QuantityPerUnit UnitPrice UnitsInStock UnitsOnOrder ReorderLevel Discontinued StockLevelStars ProductDetailsWithTabs ProductName1 ProductName2 ProductSoundexDifference FormattedProductInfo
1 1 Chai 1 1 10 boxes x 20 bags 18.0000 89 0 10 False 0
2 2 Chang 1 1 24 - 12 oz bottles 19.0000 17 40 25 False 0
3 3 Aniseed Syrup 1 2 12 - 550 ml bottles 10.0000 13 70 25 False 0
4 4 Chef Anton's Cajun Seasoning 2 2 48 - 6 oz jars 22.0000 53 0 0 False 0
5 5 Chef Anton's Gumbo Mix 2 2 36 boxes 21.3500 0 0 0 True 0